Выпуск 55 - Деловая этика (Business Ethics)
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В
этом
выпуске:
1.
What
is
business
ethics?
2.
Business
English
Vocabulary
List
3.
Упражнения
4.
Фильм
'The
Corporation'
5.
Виджет
'Английский
для
бизнеса'
6.
Дополнительные
ресурсы
|
Business
ethics
Business
or corporate
ethics
is a
form
of applied
ethics or professional
ethics that
examines
ethical
principles
and
moral
or
ethical
problems
that
arise
in a
business
environment.
It
applies
to
all
aspects
of
business
conduct
and
is
relevant
to
the
conduct
of
individuals
and
entire
organizations.
Interest
in
business
ethics
accelerated
dramatically
during
the
1980s
and
1990s,
both
within
major
corporations
and
within
academia.
For
example,
today
most
major
corporations
promote
their
commitment
to
non-economic
values
under
headings
such
as
ethics
codes
and
social
responsibility
charters.
Governments
use
laws
and
regulations
to
point
business
behavior
in
what
they
perceive
to be
beneficial
directions.
Ethics
implicitly
regulates
areas
and
details
of
behavior
that
lie
beyond
governmental
control. The
emergence
of
large
corporations
with
limited
relationships
and
sensitivity
to
the
communities
in
which
they
operate
accelerated
the
development
of
formal
ethics
regimes.
The
term
'business
ethics'
came
into
common
use
in
the
United
States
in
the
early
1970s.
By
the
mid-1980s
at
least
500
courses
in
business
ethics
reached
40,000
students,
using
some
twenty
textbooks
and
at
least
ten
casebooks
along
supported
by
professional
societies,
centers
and
journals
of
business
ethics.
Business
ethics
reflects
the philosophy
of
business,
one
of
whose
aims
is to
determine
the
fundamental
purposes
of a
company.
If a
company's
purpose
is to
maximize
shareholder
returns,
then
sacrificing
profits
to
other
concerns
is a
violation
of
its fiduciary
responsibility.
Ethical
issues
include
the
rights
and
duties
between
a
company
and
its employees,
suppliers,
customers
and
neighbors,
its fiduciary
responsibility
to
its shareholders.
Issues
concerning
relations
between
different
companies
include hostile
take-overs and industrial
espionage.
Related
issues
include corporate
governance;
corporate
social
entrepreneurship; political
contributions;
legal
issues
such
as
the
ethical
debate
over
introducing
a
crime
of corporate
manslaughter;
and
the
marketing
of
corporations'
ethics
policies.
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Деловая этика.Business Ethics
Leasing - Лизинг
Leasing is a process by which a firm can obtain the use of a certain fixed assets for which it must pay a series of contractual, periodic, tax deductible payments.
The lessee is the receiver of the services or the assets under the lease contract and the lessor is the owner of the assets. The relationship between the tenant and the landlord is called a tenancy, and can be for a fixed or an indefinite period of time (called the term of the lease). The consideration for the lease is called rent. A gross lease is when the tenant pays a flat rental amount and the landlord pays for all property charges regularly incurred by the ownership from lawnmowers and washing machines to handbags and jewelry. Under normal circumstances, a freehold owner of property is at liberty to do what they want with their property, including destroy it or hand over possession of the property to a tenant. However, if the owner has surrendered possession to another (the tenant) then any interference with the quiet enjoyment of the property by the tenant in lawful possession is unlawful.
Similar principles apply to real property as well as to personal property. Similar principles apply to sub-leasing, that is the leasing by a tenant in possession to a sub-tenant.
The term of the lease may be fixed, periodic or of indefinite duration. If it is for a 'tenancy for years', the term ends automatically when the period expires, and no notice needs to be given, in the absence of legal requirements. The term's duration may be conditional, in which case it lasts until some specified event occurs, such as the death of a specified individual. A periodic tenancy is one which is renewed automatically, usually on a monthly or weekly basis. A tenancy at will lasts only as long as the parties wish it to, and may be terminated without penalty by either party.
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Фондовая биржа - Stock Exchange
A stock exchange is an entity that provides services for stock brokers and traders to trade stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include shares issued by companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds.
To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it must be listed there. Usually, there is a central location at least for record keeping, but trade is increasingly less linked to such a physical place, as modern markets are electronic networks, which gives them advantages of increased speed and reduced cost of transactions. Trade on an exchange is by members only.
The initial offering of stocks and bonds to investors is by definition done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market. Supply and demand in stock markets is driven by various factors that, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks.
There is usually no compulsion to issue stock via the stock exchange itself, nor must stock be subsequently traded on the exchange. Such trading is said to be off exchange or over-the-counter. This is the usual way that derivatives and bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a global market for securities.
wikipedia.org
entity - экономическая единица stock broker - брокер на рынке ценных бумаг trader - торговец stock - акция bond - облигация security - ценная бумага issue - выпуск redemption - погашение dividend - дивиденд share - акция | unit trust - общий инвестиционный траст-фонд derivative - дериватив (производный финансовый инструмент) pooled investment products - объединенные инвестиционные продукты record keeping - ведение учета electronic network - электронная сеть transaction - сделка, операция primary market - первичный рынок secondary market - вторичный рынок stock market - фондовый рынок over-the-counter - внебиржевой |
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